The Short-tailed Roundleaf bat is threatened by habitat loss and cave disturbance that are intensifying across its global range – Nigeria, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea including Bioko Island. In Nigeria, the primary threat to the species habitat is wildfires that originate on small-holder farms, when farmers deploy brush burns to manage weeds and condition soil ahead of the planting season. The species is threatened by cave disturbance from hunting of Africa’s only cave roosting fruit bat species for food. Our long-term intervention in Nigeria is identifying and conserving priority caves along with forest habitat, supported by ranger patrols and continuous cave monitoring. Forest protection effort is focused on wildfire prevention. Beyond Nigeria, we’re leading a range-wide effort to protect the species, through the Curtus Conservation Network that fosters collaboration between in-country experts who lead local action. Cross River National Park held the last globally known cave roost for the species until 2020, when a single disturbance event caused total roost abandonment. This was also the only known maternal colony of the species but is now tragically lost. Despite being a protected area with active ranger patrols, such significant disturbance events reinforce the urgency for targeted action. Other previously known caves have been lost or of unknown statuses.